India has 16% of the world's population and only 4% of the world's water resources, which are depleting rapidly. The demand for water is expected to grow from 40 billion cubic metres (bcm) currently to around 220 bcm in 2025. Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand. Population, household size and growth and affluence all affect how much water is used. Water treatment has special relevance as worldwide water demand is constantly under pressure due to the increasing world population and a globally improved standard of living. Water has to be disinfected in order to deactivate any existing microorganisms present in water. It is commonly done using chlorine or chlorine dioxide, and in many cases, other processes are also used such as ozonation and ultraviolet irradiation. Different techniques to remove suspended particles include the addition of coagulants and the use of membranes. In addition to saving money on your utility bill, water conservation helps prevent water pollution in nearby lakes, rivers, and local watersheds. Conserving water also prevents greenhouse gas emissions associated with treating and distributing water. Conserving water can also extend the life of your septic system by reducing soil saturation and reducing pollution due to leaks. Overloading municipal sewer systems can also cause untreated sewage to flow to lakes and rivers. The smaller the amount of water flowing through these systems, the lower the likelihood of pollution. In some communities, costly sewage system expansion has been avoided by community-wide household water conservation.
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